It is well known that the density of current carriers (electrons and holes) in a germanium crystal can be increased by injection from a rectifying contact.

O/A =1/8, mass ratio of complexing agent to germanium 12-16, and at normal temperature,3-5 min.The optimum back extraction conditions are NaOH concentration 30%, O/A=2, and at normal temperature ...

Germanium and gallium extraction tests To achieve a high and regular Ge and/or Ga extractable yield, regardless of the operational conditions of the IGCC plant , 8 …

THE extraction and refining of germanium and gallium ... followed by extraction of the gallium chloride in a continuous process with isopropyl ether, removal of the ether by distillation, purification of the aqueous phase with hydrogen sulphide, ...

A simple, rapid and selective method for the extraction-spectrophotometric determination of thallium(III) and germanium(IV) is described. Thallium and germanium are extracted with a chloroform solution of N-p-chlorophenyl-2-furohydroxamic acid from solutions of pH 7.0 and 6.0 M HCl, respectively. The thallium-hydroxamic acid complex is yellow whilst that of germanium-hydroxamic acid is …

Scientists in Germany have come up with a method for extracting the precious element germanium from plants. The element is a semi-conductor and was used to develop the first transistor because it is able to transport electrical charges extremely quickly.

Prior art keywords germanium extraction solution elution aqueous Prior art date Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion.

The extraction technique employed is very simple and the method is applicable to the determination of germanium in flue dusts and other complex silicon materials without previous separation of silicon.

Extraction and Separation of Germanium(IV) with 4Pyridone on acid concentration and on addition of lithium chloride, was also studied. Key words: germanium, 4pyridone derivatives, extraction, separa tion, zinc, arsenic, gallium, spectrophotometric determination.

Silicon/Strained-Germanium Type-II Staggered Heterojunctions,” IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 29, no. 9, ... Valence Band Extraction Method, Con’t ... Theory from Van de Walle and Martin using local density functional theory. Similar

Un autre but de l'invention est de fournir un procédé pour l'extraction sélective du germanium de telles solutions contenant au moins un métal choisi dans le groupe comprenant le cadmium, le zinc, le cobalt, le fer, l'arsenic, l'aluminium, le gallium, le cuivre et le nickel.

Process for selective liquid-liquid extraction of germanium Abstract. A process for selective liquid-liquid extraction of germanium from an aqueous acidic liquor containing, besides germanium, at least one other metal selected from the group which …

Extraction of Large Valence Band ... Type II Heterostructures on Relaxed SiGe Substrates Jamie Teherani, Dimitri Antoniadis, and Judy Hoyt 2/2/2012. Motivation ... Silicon/Strained-Germanium Type-II Staggered Heterojunctions,” IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 29, ...

In the presence of SO 2, the results showed that the extraction of germanium was maximum of 70% while the extraction of zinc and iron were 90% and 96% under the optimal condition which was determined for 80 g of zinc residue using 56 g/L sulfuric acid, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7 mL/g and sulphur dioxide partial pressure of 200 kPa at 100°C ...

The leaves and stalks are used for extraction, and the oil is obtained through steam distillation. Chemical composition The essential oil is composed of various chemical constituents and includes a-pinene, myrcene, limonene, menthone, linalool, geranyl acetate, citronellol, geraniol and geranyl butyrate.

Abstract. Solvent extraction experiments were conducted from acidic solutions containing germanium(IV) and other metal ions, such as Ga 3+, Fe 3+, Zn 2+ and Fe 2+ in hydrometallurgical process of zinc. The purpose of this work was to enhance the efficiency of the extraction and stripping processes and the selectivity of germanium and other metals, while making the method as simple …

HydrometaUurgy, 1 (1976) 291--298 © Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam -- Printed in The Netherlands LIQUID--LIQUID EXTRACTION OF GERMANIUM BY LIX 63 A. DE SCHEPPER Research Laboratory, Metallurgy Hoboken-Overpelt, Hoboken (Belgium) (Received May 1st, 1975) ABSTRACT De Schepper, A., 1976.

Universidade de S~o Paulo, S~o Paulo, Brasil Determination of Germanium After Extraction by Methyl Isobutyl Ketone. I* By Paschoal Senise and Lilia Sant'Agostino With 1 Figure (Received November 30, 1955) Colorimetric methods available until recently 1-s for the determination of germanium, although in general very sensitive, were based on ...

Industrial Equipment Design for the Recovery of Germanium from Coal Fly Ash Leachates by Solvent Extraction Fátima Arroyo, Constantino Fernández-Pereira, Pilar Bermejo Oroz

A continuous solvent extraction circuit was operated for over 150 h, extracting over 90 pct of the germanium from 0.30-G/l ge filtrates containing 40 to 60 g/l free acid. Over 90 pct of the loaded germanium was stripped from the organic phase with water at 75 deg c.

Extraction Processes for Gallium and Germanium ... Lecoq de Boisbaudran, from zinc blende (sphalerite) and named gallium in honor of France. Gallium has atomic number31 and is located in group 3A of the periodic table. It has the longest interval of liquid state among the elements, varying from ... EXTRACTION OF GALLIUM AND GERMANIUM FROM ...

The solvent extraction method was based on germanium complexation with catechol () in an aqueous solution followed by the extraction of the Ge− complex with an extracting organic reagent diluted in an organic solvent.

Gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), and indium (In) play an important role in key emerging technologies, especially in clean energy technologies (Graedel 2011).Several reports evaluate the criticality of these scarce metals, based on substitution possibilities, economic importance, and future availability.

May 19, 1987· A process for the fluid-fluid extraction of gallium, germanium or indium from acid or base hydrous solutions, in which a mixture of at least two hydroxyquinolines in various quantities is employed, is described.

Recovery of Germanium from Aqueous Solutions by Ion-Exchange Extraction of Its Catechol Complex Fátima Arroyo Torralvo * , Constantino Fernández-Pereira and María C. Campanario Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n.

The mineral germanite and the extraction of germanium and gallium therefrom . John Smeath Thomas and William Pugh Abstract. The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract. About. Cited by. Related. Back to tab navigation ... (RSC) on behalf of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the RSC For reproduction of ...

Germanium cluster anions (Zintl ions) such as Ge 4 2−, Ge 9 4−, Ge 9 2−, [(Ge 9) 2] 6− have been prepared by the extraction from alloys containing alkali metals and germanium in liquid ammonia in the presence of ethylenediamine or a cryptand.

Germanium recovery from coal fly ash by hydrometallurgical procedures was studied at the pilot scale (5 kg of fly ash/h). Results were used to design the equipment of a demonstration-sized plant (200 kg of fly ash/h). The process is based on hydrometallurgical operations: firstly a germanium extraction from fly ash by leaching and a consequent Ge separation from the other elements present in ...

le ntal, rea erm –CA le . Th hese re co f ret achi in the 90). It assoc nerals) ermani germa have aterial nsider is concentrated in combustion (Banks et al., 1962; Clarke,…

Recovery of germanium from leach solutions of fly ash using solvent extraction with various extractants. ... the germanium extraction efficiency increases from about 2% to . The germanium extraction efficiency approached when the Alamine 336 concentration increased up to 10% v/v. ... Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Barcelona-Tec ...

2 De Schepper, A. and Van Peteghem, A., 1974. Liquid-liquid extraction of germanium from aqueous solution using hydroxy-oximes. United States Patent 3, 883, 634.

Workers at a Foxconn plant assemble tablets. Scientists in Germany have come up with a method for extracting the precious element germanium from plants.

A rapid survey of the behaviour of ten extractants shows that oxine derivatives are amongst the most efficient reagents for liquid—liquid extraction of germanium (IV).

and by De Schepper (11) for increasing germanium extraction by mixing KELEX 100 and LIX 26. In the current study. various ... shows that highest germanium extraction was possible when the leach solution was free of copper and the iron was in the reduced state. These objectives can be accomplished by contacting the

GERMANIUM—2003 31.1 1References that include a section mark (§) are found in the Internet References Cited section. GERMANIUM By Micheal W. George Domestic survey data and table were prepared by Carolyn F. Crews, statistical assistant.

Germanium is a metalloid with great potential for industrial use. Currently, the semiconductor is primarily recovered as a by-product during the exploitation of zinc. The global zinc mine and metal production, however, has been decreasing over the last years, which may result in a production to consumption deficit for germanium.

Quantitative extraction of germanium(IV) with carbon tetrachloride from 9 M HCl has been reported.11 Literature data also refer to germanium(IV) extraction as GeCl 4 from hydrochloric acid solution by several solvents such as benzene, bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, toluene,